Tony de New York Asiduo
Registrado: 03 Nov 2005 Mensajes: 297
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Publicado:
Dom Abr 16, 2006 5:41 pm Asunto:
Follow the money!
Tema: Follow the money! |
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Hermanos del foro:
Quisiera compartir esta noticia sobre el llamado 'evangelio' de Judas.
Bien dice la Sagradas Escrituras:
"Porque el amor al dinero es raiz de toda clase de males."
1 Timoteo 6, 10.
Dominus vobiscum,
Tony de New York.
Aqui les dejo el link que se publico en el New York times, la traduccion al español es mia, trate lo mejor que pude.
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/13/science/13judas.html?ei=5065&en=7e8f2d9b53f573f7&ex=1145592000&partner=MYWAY&pagewanted=print
By BARRY MEIER and JOHN NOBLE WILFORD
When the National Geographic Society announced to great fanfare last week that it had gained access to a 1,700-year-old document known as the Gospel of Judas, it described how a deteriorating manuscript, unearthed in Egypt three decades ago, had made its way through the shady alleys of the antiquities market to a safe-deposit box on Long Island and eventually to a Swiss art dealer who "rescued" it from obscurity.
Cuando la "Sociedad nacional geografica" anuncio con gran fanfaria la semana pasada que tenia accseso a un documento de 1700 años conocido como el 'evangelio de Judas', describia como un manuscrito deteriorado, descubierto en Egipto hace tres decadas, aparece en los callejones sucios del mercado de antiguedades para despues ir a un caja de deposito de seguridad en Long Island(New York) y eventualmente con un comerciante de arte Suizo quien lo 'rescato' de la oscuridad.
But there is even more to the story.
Pero hay mucho mas en la historia.
The art dealer was detained several years ago in an unrelated Italian antiquities smuggling investigation. And after she failed to profit from the sale of the gospel in the private market, she struck a deal with a foundation run by her lawyer that would let her make about as much as she would have made on that sale, or more.
La comerciante de arte fue detenida años atras en un caso no relacionado en una investigacion de contrabando de antiguedades en Italia. Despues que ella fracaso en su intento de hacer ganancias por la venta del evangelio en mercados privados, ella hizo un negocio con la fundacion que es conducida por su abogado el cual le deja a ella hacer la misma cantidad o mas si lo hubiera vendido.
Later, the National Geographic Society paid the foundation to restore the manuscript and bought the rights to the text and the story about the discovery. As part of her arrangement with the foundation, the dealer, Frieda Tchacos Nussberger, stands to gain $1 million to $2 million from those National Geographic projects, her lawyer said. There may even be more.
Tiempo despues, la Sociedad Nacional de Geografía pago a la fundacion para que restorara el manuscrito y compro los derechos del texto y de la historia acerca del descubrimiento. Como parte del arreglo con la fundacion, el comerciante, Frieda Tchacos Nussberger, estaria ganando $ 1 millon a 2$millones de dolares por parte de los projectos de la Nacional geografía, su abogado dijo. Podria haber mas.
Details of how the manuscript was found are clouded. According to National Geographic, it was found by farmers in an Egyptian cave in the 1970's, sold to a dealer and passed through various hands in Europe and the United States. Legal issues in its transit are equally vague.
Los detalles como el manuscrito fue encontrado esta nublado. Deacuerdo a la Nacional de Geografia, este fue encontrado por unos campesino en una cueva de Egypto en los años 1970's, vendido a un comerciante que paso por muchas manos en Europa y los Estados Unidos. Los problemas legales en su viajes estan vagos.
No one questions the authenticity of the Judas gospel, which depicts Judas Iscariot not as a betrayer of Jesus but as his favored disciple.
Nadie duda de la auntencidad de el 'evangelio' de Judas, el cual describe a Judas Iscariote no como un traidor de Jesus pero como su discipulo favorito.
But the emerging details are raising concerns among some archaeologists and other scholars at a time of growing scrutiny of the dealers who sell antiquities and of the museums and collectors who buy them. The information also calls into question the completeness of National Geographic's depiction of some individuals like Ms. Tchacos Nussberger and its disclosure of all the financial relationships involved.
Pero los detalles de aparecimiento ha levantado preocupaciones entre algunos arqueologos y otros investigadores en los momentos que crece el escrutinio de los comerciantes que venden antiguedades y de los museos y coleccionistas que los compran. La informacion tambien pone en duda la total apertura de la Nacional Geografica y su forma de describir de personas como Ms. Tchacos Nussberger y su revelación de sus finanzas que estan envueltos.
Terry Garcia, the vice president for mission programs at National Geographic, which is based in Washington, said that the organization had "heard some rumors" about possible legal problems involving Ms. Tchacos Nussberger but could not confirm them. He also noted that the organization had disclosed its relationship with the foundation, the Maecenas Foundation for Ancient Art.
Terry Garcia, el vice presidente del programa de misiones de la Nacional Geografica, la cual esta basada en Washington, dijo que la organizacion a 'escuchado algunos rumores' acerca de posible problemas legales envuelto con Ms Tchachos Nussberber pero que no podia confirmarlos. El tambien dijo que la organizacion a revelado su relaciones con la fundacion, the Maecenas por el arte antiguo.
Mr. Garcia emphasized that he believed that issues like Ms. Tchacos Nussberger's financial relationship with the foundation or questions about other antiquities she sold were not relevant to the story of the Gospel of Judas. He added that National Geographic had taken on the project because it saw an opportunity to help save a unique document.
El señor Garcia enfatizo en su creencia de los problemas financieros entre la señorita Tchacos Nussberger con la fundancion o preguntas acerca de otras antiguedades que ella vendio no son relevantes a la historia del 'evangelio' de Judas. El agrego que la Nacional Geografica tomo el projecto porque vio la opurtunidad de ayudar a salvar un documento unico.
"It is not every day that you find a lost gospel," Mr. Garcia said.
"No pasa todos los dias que tu encuentras un evangelio perdido," dijo el señor Garcia.
But scholars who have campaigned against the trade in artifacts of questionable provenance said they were troubled by the whole episode.
Pero estudiosos en la materia quienes han hecho campaña encontra del trafico de artifactos de dudosa prosedencia dicen tener problemas sobre todo el episodio.
"We are dealing with a looted object," said Jane C. Waldbaum, president of the Archaeological Institute of America, a professional society. "The artifact was poorly handled for years because the people holding it were more concerned with making money than protecting it."
"Estamos negociando con objetos robados," dijo Jane C. Waldbaum, presidenta del Intituto Arqueologico de America, una sociedad profesional. 'El artifacto fue pobremente manejado por años porque las personas involucradas les inportaba mas hacer dinero que protejerlo."
For her part, Ms. Tchacos Nussberger rejected any suggestion that she was trying to profit from the Gospel of Judas. She described her run-in with Italian officials as inconsequential.
Por su parte, Ms Tchachos Nussberger rechazo cualquier sugerencia que ella estaba tratando de negociar con el 'evangelio' de Judas. Ella describe sus problemas con oficiales Italianos de no inportancia.
"I went through hell and back, and I saved something for humanity," Ms. Tchacos Nussberger said in a telephone interview. "I would have given it for nothing to someone who would have saved it."
"Estuve en el infierno y he regresado, yo salve algo para la humanidad," Ms Tchacos Nussberber dijo en la entrevista telefonica. "Yo lo hubiera dado a cambio de nada a la persona que estaria dispuesta a salvarlo."
Last week, National Geographic began a large campaign for the Gospel of Judas, featuring it in two new books, a television documentary, an exhibition and the May issue of National Geographic magazine.
La semana pasada, Nacional Geografica abrio una larga campaña por el 'evangelio' de Judas, que aparece en dos libros, un documentario de television, un exibicion y la publicacion de mayo en el magazine de National Geographic.
The organization did not buy the document. Instead, it paid $1 million to the Maecenas Foundation, effectively for the manuscript's contents. Part of the revenues generated by the National Geographic projects go to the foundation.
La organizacion no compro el documento. Mas pago $1 millon de dolares la fundacion Maecenas, por el contenido del manuscrito. Parte de las ganancias generadas por los projectos de National Geographics van a parar a la fundacion.
The foundation was set up some years ago by Ms. Tchacos Nussberger's lawyer, Mario Roberty, well before it became involved with the Gospel of Judas. Mr. Roberty is the only official of the foundation, which he said was involved in projects like returning antiquities to their countries of origin. He said that when Ms. Tchacos Nussberger turned over the document to the foundation in 2001, he quickly contacted officials in Egypt and assured them that the manuscript would be returned there. He said the foundation had clear legal title to the document.
La fundacion fue creada unos años atras por el abogado de Ms. Tchacos Nussberger, Mario Roberty, mucho antes que se envolvieran con el 'evangelio' de Judas. Mr Roberty es el unico oficial de la fundacion, quien dijo estar envuelto en projectos como de devolver antiguedades a los paises de origen. El dijo que cuando Ms. Tchacos Nussberger dio los documentos a la fundacion en el 2001, el rapidamente conctacto a los oficiales de Egipto y les aseguro que los manuscritos serian devueltos a su pais. El dijo que la fundacion tiene poder legal del documento.
In National Geographic's narratives, the manuscript takes a long journey through the antiquities trade. Those stories describe Ms. Tchacos Nussberger efforts to sell the Gospel of Judas privately soon after buying it and her subsequent role in its restoration. She is portrayed as driven by religious conviction to save the document.
En la narrativa de la National Geographic, el manuscrito toma un largo viaje atravez del comercio de antiguedades. Esas historias describen los esfuerzos de Ms. Tchacos Nussberger por vender el 'evangelio' de Judas privadamente, prontamente de su compra y su eventual rol de restaurarlo.
"I think I was chosen by Judas to rehabilitate him," Ms. Tchacos Nussberger, 65, is quoted as saying in one of the society's books, "The Lost Gospel," by Herbert Krosney. Mr. Krosney is also an independent television producer who brought the gospel project to National Geographic.
"Yo pienso que yo fue escogida por Judas para rehabilitarlo," Ms Tchacos nussberger, de 65 años, dijo en uno de los libros de la sociedad, "The Lost Gospel," por Herber Krosney. Mr Krosney es tambien un independiente productor de television quien trajo el projecto del evangelio a la National Geographic.
Missing from the book is any mention of an incident in 2001 when Ms. Tchacos Nussberger was detained in Cyprus at the request of Italian officials, who wanted to question her as part of a broader investigation into antiquities that had been illegally taken out of Italy and sold elsewhere. Paolo Ferri, the Rome-based prosecutor in the case, said she was charged with several violations involving antiquities but was given a reduced sentence that was suspended because she had, among other things, previously agreed to return an artifact claimed by Italy.
Lo que no se encuentra en el libro es cualquier mension del incidente del 2001 cuando Ms Tachos Nussberger fue detenida en Cyprus por pedido de las autoridades de Italia, quienes querian hacerle algunas preguntas como parte de una amplia investigacion sobre antiguedades que han sido tomadas ilegalmente fuera de Italia y vendidas en otros lugares.
Paolo Ferri, el fiscal basado en Roma, dijo que ella estaba acusada de muchas violaciones, relacionadas con antiguedades pero que recibio una sentencia reducida que fue suspendida porque ella tenia, entre otras cosas, previamente un acuerdo en retornar los artifactos reclamados por Italia.
Both the dealer and her lawyer said the issues involved were far less serious than those described by Mr. Ferri, the prosecutor. They also said that all of Ms. Tchacos Nussberger's dealings in antiquities in Italy and elsewhere had been lawful. Her record will be erased in 2007 if she is not charged by Italian authorities with another antiquities violation.
Tanto el comerciante como su abogado dijeron que los problemas envueltos eran menos serios de lo que se describe por Mr Ferri, el fiscal. Ellos tambien dijeron que todos los tratos en antiguedades en Italia y en otras partes han sido deacuerdo a la ley. Su record sera borrado en el 2007 si no es encontrada culpable por las autoridades Italianas de otra violacion de trafico de antiguedades.
Ms. Tchacos Nussberger said that she, like other dealers, had run into problems because laws governing the antiquities trade had sharply changed in recent years.
Ms. Tchacos Nussberger dijo que ella, como otros comerciantes, ha encontrado problemas con las leyes del comercio de antiguedades porque estas han cambiado en recientes años.
According to National Geographic, she bought the Judas document for about $300,000 in 2000 from another dealer who had placed it in a safe-deposit box in Hicksville, N.Y., on Long Island. She tried to sell it to the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University.
Deacuerdo a la National Geographic, ella compro el documento de Judas por $300,000 en el 2000 de otro comerciante quien lo tenia en una caja de deposito de seguridad en Hicksville, N.Y., Long Island. Ella trato de venderlo al Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University.
Yale officials have not specified why they did not buy the document. But Robert Babcock, curator of early books at the library, said through a spokeswoman that "there were unresolved questions about the provenance."
Los oficiales de Yale no han expecificado el porque ellos no compraron el documento. Pero Robert Babcock, curator de libros antiguos en la libreria, dijo atravez de su vocero que "existian preguntas sin resolver acerca de su procedencia."
Then in 2001, Ms. Tchacos Nussberger sold it to an antiquities dealer in Ohio for $2.5 million, but the deal fell apart when the dealer did not make good on the payments.
Pero en el 2001, Ms Tchacos Nussberger lo vendio a un comerciante de antiguedades de Ohio por $2.5 millones, pero que el negocio se desvarato cuando el comerciante no pago la cantidad.
Aided by her lawyer, Mr. Roberty, she regained ownership of the document and at his suggestion turned it over to the Maecenas Foundation. Under the deal, she is entitled to receive a sum from revenues generated by the Gospel of Judas essentially equivalent to what she would have received from the Ohio dealer, minus the value of several pages of the manuscript that dealer bought. In addition, she is entitled to get back about $800,000 she lent to the foundation for expenses like legal costs and early restoration efforts, Mr. Roberty said.
Ayudada por su abogado, Mr Roberty, ella volvio a ser dueña del documento y siguiendo su sugerencia lo dio a la fundacion Maecenas. Bajo el contrato, ella recibira una suma especifica por las ganancias que genere el 'evangelio' de Judas esencialmente es equivalente a lo que ella hubiera recibido del comerciante de Ohio, menos el valor de algunas paginas del manuscrito que el comerciante compro. Ademas, ella recibira cerca de $800,000 dolares que ella presto a la fundacion por gastos como costos legales y esfuerzos por una pronta restauracion, Mr Roberty dijo.
Mr. Roberty said the foundation had already started paying money to the dealer, but he declined to say how much she had received to date.
Mr Roberty dijo que la fundacion ya comenzo a pagarle el dinero a la traficante, pero el declino decir cuanto ella ha recibido hasta este dia.
Mr. Garcia, the National Geographic executive, said that a critical aspect of the society's contract with the Maecenas Foundation was the group's pledge to return the document to Egypt. Mr. Krosney, the writer, said he was convinced from his discussions with Ms. Tchacos Nussberger that she had acted out of the best of motives.
Mr Garcia, el ejecutivo de National Geographic, dijo que el aspecto critico del contrato de la sociedad con la fundacion de Maecenas fue el juramento del grupo a devolver el documento a Egipto. Mr. Krosney, el escritor, dijo que estaba convencido despues de hablar con Ms Tchacos Nussberger de sus buenas intenciones.
He said he had raised with Mr. Roberty the rumors he had heard about Ms. Tchacho Nussberger and Italy, and added that the lawyer was "dismissive"of them. He said he never asked the dealer about it.
El dijo que el pregunto a Mr. Roberty acerca de los rumores que escucho de Ms Tchaco Nussberger y Italia, y añadio que el abogado no les dio inportancia a ellos. El dijo que nunca pregunto al traficante acerca de eso.
Hershel Shanks, editor of the Biblical Archaeology Review, said there was inherent tension between the need to conserve ancient objects and deter trade in looted artifacts.
Hershel Shanks, el editor de la revista Biblical Archeologiy Review, dijo que existia una tension entre la necesidad de conservar los objectos antiguos y el detener el trafico de artefactos robados.
"If you want to learn from the material, you have got to deal," Mr. Shanks said. "I am in favor of rescuing these unprovenanced things because they have important information to impart."
"Si tu quieres aprender del material, ti tienes que traficar, Mr Shaks dijo. "Yo estoy en favor de rescatar estos documentos sin probar porque ellos tienen informacion inportante que inpartir."
But other scholars remain disturbed. "The owners are trying to take monetary value out of something they don't really own," said Patty Gerstenblith, a law professor at DePaul University in Chicago who specializes in the antiquities trade. "The people with control over the manuscript don't appear to be the rightful owners."
Pero otros estudiosos estan molestos. "Los dueños estan tratando de tomar un valor monetario de lo que ellos realmente no son los dueños," dijo Patty Gerstenblith, una profesora de leyes de la universidad DePaul en Chicago quien se especializa en el trafico de antiguedades. "Las personas que tienen control de los manuscritos no aparecen ser los verdaderos dueños."
Elisabetta Povoledo contributed reporting from Rome for this article. |
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