pelicano
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Complemento lo de Christifer
Paulus Orosius:
| Cita: | Historian and Christian apologist; b. probably at Bracara, now Braga, in Portugal, between 380 and 390, the dates of his birth and death not being precisely known. His first name has been known only since the eighth century. Having early consecrated himself to the service of God, he was ordained, and went to Africa in 413 or 414. The reason for his leaving his native country is not known; he tells us only that he left his fatherland "sine voluntate, sine necessitate, sine consensu" (Commonitorium, i). He repaired to St. Augustine, at Hippo, to question him as to certain points of doctrine, concerning the soul and its origin, attacked by the Priscillianists. In 414 he prepared for St. Augustine a "Commonitorium de errore Priscillianistarum et Origenistarum" (P.L. XXXI, 1211-16; also, ed. Schepss, in "Priscilliani quae supersunt", in "Corpus script. eccl. lat.", Vienna, 1889, XVIII, 149 sqq.) to which St. Augustine replied with his "Ad Orosium contra Priscillianistas et Origenistas". In order to become better acquainted with these questions concerning the soul and its origin, Orosius, with a hearty recommendation from St. Augustine (Epist. clxvi), went to Palestine, to St. Jerome. Pelagius was then trying to spread his false doctrines in Palestine, and Orosius aided St. Jerome and others in their struggle against this heresy. In 415 Bishop John of Jerusalem, who was inclined to the teaching of Origen and influenced by Pelagius, summoned the presbyters of his church to a council at Jerusalem. At this council Orosius sharply attacked the teachings of Pelagius. But, as Pelagius declared that he believed it impossible for man to become perfect and avoid sin without God's assistance, John did not condemn him, but decided that his opponents should state their arguments before Pope Innocent. In consequence of his opposition to Pelagius, Orosius was drawn into dissensions with Bishop John, who accused him of having maintained that it is not possible for man to avoid sin, even with God's grace. In answer to this charge, Orosius wrote his "Liber apologeticus contra Pelagium de Arbitrii libertate" (P.L. XXXI, 1173-1212, and ed. Zangemeister, "Orosii opera" in "Corpus script. eccl. lat.", V, Vienna, 1882), in which he gives a detailed account of the Council of 415 at Jerusalem, and a clear, correct treatment of the two principal questions against Pelagius: the capability of man's vendedor will, and Christian perfection in doing God's will here on earth.
In the spring of 416 Orosius left Palestine, to return to Augustine in Africa, and thence home. He brought a letter from St. Jerome (Epist. cxxxiv) to St. Augustine, as well as writings of the two Gallic bishops, Hero and Lazarus, who were in Palestine struggling against Pelagianism (cf. St. Augustine, Epist. clxxv). He also brought from Jerusalem the then recently discovered relics of the Protomartyr Stephen and a Latin letter from Lucian, who had discovered them (Gennadius, "De Viris Illustr.", xxxi, xlvi, xlvii, ed. Czapla, Münster, 1898, 87-89, 104). After a short stay with Augustine at Hippo, Orosius began his journey home, but, on reaching Minorca, and hearing of the wars and devastations of the Vandals in Spain, he returned to Africa The relics of St. Stephen, which he left in Minorca, became the object of a great veneration, which spread into Gaul and Spain. On the conversion of Jews through these relics, cf. Severus, "De virtutibus ad conversionem Judaeorum in Minoricensi Insula factis", P.L. XLI, 821-32. Orosius went back to Africa and at St. Augustine's suggestion wrote the first Christian Universal History: "Historiarum adversus paganos libri septem" (P.L. XXXI, 663-1174; ed. Zangemeister, in "Corpus script. eccl. lat.", V, Vienna, 1882), thought to be a supplement to the "Civitas Dei", especially the third book, in which St. Augustine proves that the Roman Empire suffered as many calamities before as after Christianity was received, combating the pagan argument, that the abandonment of their deities had led to calamity. St. Augustine wishedto have this proof developed in a special work through the whole period of human history of all the known peoples of antiquity, with the fundamental idea that God determines the destinies of nations. According to his view, two chief empires had governed the world: Babylon in the East, and Rome in the West. Rome received the heritage of Babylon through the intermediate Macedonian and Carthaginian Empires. Thus he holds that there were four great empires in history — a view widely accepted in the Middle Ages. The first book briefly describes the globe, and traces its history from the Deluge to the founding of Rome; the second gives the history of Rome to the sack of the city by the Gauls, that of Persia to Cyrus, and of Greece to the Battle of Cunaxa; the third deals chiefly with the Macedonian Empire under Alexander and his successors, as well as the contemporary Roman history; the fourth brings the history of Rome to the destruction of Carthage; the last three books treat Roman history alone, from the destruction of Carthage to the author's own time. The work, completed in 418, shows signs of some haste. Besides Holy Scripture and the chronicle of Eusebius revised by St. Jerome, Livy, Eutropius, Caesar, Suetonius, Florus, and Justin are used as sources. In pursuance of the apologetic aim, all the calamities suffered by the various peoples are described. Thought superficial and fragmentary, the work is valuable; it contains contemporary information on the period after A.D. 378. It was used largely during the Middle Ages as a compendium, and nearly 200 manuscript copies are still extant. Alfred the Great translated it into Anglo-Saxon (ed. H. Sweet, London, 1843). |
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11322a.htm
En español:
| Cita: | Pablo Orosio
Historian and Christian apologist ; b. El historiador y cristiano apologista; b. probably at probablemente a Bracara , now , Ahora Braga , in Portugal , between 380 and 390, the Braga, en Portugal, entre 380 y 390, los dates of his birth and death not being precisely las fechas de su nacimiento y la muerte no está, precisamente, known conocido . His first name has been Su primer nombre ha sido known conocido only since the eighth century. sólo desde el siglo VIII. Having early consecrated himself to the service of God , he was ordained , and went to Habiendo principios consagrados a sí mismo al servicio de Dios, fue ordenado, y se dirigió a Africa in 413 or 414. África a 413 o 414. The reason for his leaving his native country is not La razón para su abandonar su país natal no es known conocido ; he tells us only that he left his ; Nos dice que sólo dejó su fatherland Patria "sine voluntate , sine necessitate requieren , sine consensu " (Commonitorium, "(Commonitorium, i ). He repaired to Se repararon a St. Augustine San Agustín , at , A Hippo , to question him as to , Pregunta a él como a certain seguro points of doctrine , concerning the soul and its origin, attacked by the puntos de doctrina, en relación con el alma y su origen, atacado por la Priscillianists . In 414 he prepared for En 414 se preparaba para St. Augustine San Agustín a "Commonitorium de "Commonitorium de errore Priscillianistarum et ET Origenistarum " (PL "(PL XXXI , 1211-16; also, ed. , 1211-16; también, ed. Schepss , in "Priscilliani quae , En "Priscilliani quae supersunt ", in "Corpus script. ", En" Corpus script. eccl. lat. Lat. ", Vienna , 1889, ", Viena, 1889, XVIII , 149 sqq.) to which , 149 sqq.) Para que St. Augustine San Agustín replied with his "Ad respondió con su "Ad Orosium contra Contra Priscillianistas et ET Origenistas ". In order to become better acquainted with these questions concerning the soul and its origin, ". Con el fin de conocer mejor estas cuestiones en relación con el alma y su origen, Orosius Orosio , with a hearty , Con un abundante recommendation recomendación from desde St. Augustine San Agustín (Epist. clxvi ), went to ), Fue a Palestine Palestina , to St. , A San Jerome . Pelagius was then trying to spread his false doctrines in Jerome. Pelagio fue entonces tratando de difundir sus falsas doctrinas en Palestine Palestina , and , Y Orosius Orosio aided St. con ayuda de San Jerome and others in their struggle against this heresy . Jerónimo y otros en su lucha contra esta herejía. In 415 En 415 Bishop Obispo John of Jerusalem , who was inclined to the teaching of Origen and influenced by Pelagius , summoned the presbyters of his de Jerusalén, que se inclina a la enseñanza de Orígenes y la influencia de Pelagio, el citado presbyters de su church iglesia to a a un council Consejo at Jerusalem . en Jerusalén. At this En este council Consejo Orosius Orosio sharply attacked the teachings of Pelagius . fuertemente atacado las enseñanzas de Pelagio. But, as Pelagius declared that he Pero, como Pelagio declaró que él believed it impossible for cree imposible que man to become hombre para convertirse en perfect perfecto and avoid sin without God's assistance, y evitar el pecado sin Dios la ayuda, John did not condemn him, but decided that his opponents should state their arguments before Pope Innocent . no se le condene, pero decidió que sus adversarios deben exponer sus argumentos ante el papa Inocencio. In consequence of his opposition to Pelagius , Como consecuencia de su oposición a Pelagio, Orosius Orosio was drawn into dissensions with Se señaló en disensiones con Bishop Obispo John , who accused him of having maintained that it is not possible for , Que lo acusaba de haber sostenido que no es posible que man to avoid sin , even with God's grace . hombre para evitar el pecado, incluso con la gracia de Dios. In answer to this charge, En respuesta a esta acusación, Orosius Orosio wrote his "Liber escribió su "Liber apologeticus contra Pelagium de Contra Pelagium de Arbitrii libertate " (PL "(PL XXXI , 1173-1212, and ed. , 1173-1212, y ed. Zangemeister , "Orosii , "Orosii opera ópera " in "Corpus script. "En" Corpus script. eccl. lat. Lat. ", V, Vienna , 1882), in which he gives a detailed account of the ", V, Viena, 1882), en la que se da una relación detallada de la Council Consejo of 415 at Jerusalem , and a clear, correct treatment of the two principal questions against Pelagius : the capability of de 415 a Jerusalén, y una clara, tratamiento correcto de los dos principales preguntas en contra de Pelagio: la capacidad de man's vendedor will , and Christian perfection in doing God's del hombre libre albedrío, y la perfección cristiana en hacer de Dios will voluntad here on earth. aquí en la Tierra.
In the spring of 416 En la primavera de 416 Orosius Orosio left izquierdo Palestine Palestina , to return to , Para volver a Augustine in Africa , and thence home. en África, y desde allí a casa. He brought a letter from St. Él trajo una carta de San Jerome (Epist. Jerónimo (Epist. cxxxiv ) to ) St. Augustine San Agustín , as well as writings of the two , Así como escritos de los dos Gallic Galo bishops , obispos, Hero and y Lazarus , who were in Lázaro, que se encontraban en Palestine Palestina struggling against Pelagianism (cf. que luchan contra el Pelagianismo (cf. St. Augustine San Agustín , Epist. , Epist. clxxv ). He also brought from Jerusalem the then recently discovered relics of the También trajo de Jerusalén el entonces recién descubierto reliquias de la Protomartyr Stephen and a y un Latin Latina letter from carta de Lucian , who had discovered them (Gennadius, "De , Que había descubierto (Gennadius, "De Viris Illustr. Ilustr. ", xxxi XXXI , xlvi XLVI , xlvii , ed. , Ed. Czapla , Münster, 1898, 87-89, 104). , Münster, 1898, 87-89, 104). After a short stay with Después de una estancia de corta duración con Augustine at en Hippo , Orosius Orosio began his journey home, but, on reaching comenzó su viaje de regreso a casa, pero, al llegar a Minorca , and hearing of the wars and devastations of the Vandals in Spain , he returned to Africa The relics of Menorca, y la audiencia de las guerras y las devastaciones de los vándalos en España, regresó a África Las reliquias de St. Stephen , which he left in Minorca , became the object of a great San Esteban, que dejó en Menorca, se convirtió en objeto de una gran veneration veneración , which spread into , Que se extendió en Gaul Galia and Spain . y España. On the En la conversion of Jews through these relics , cf. conversión de Judios a través de estas reliquias, cf. Severus Severo , "De , "De virtutibus ad conversionem Judaeorum in en Minoricensi Insula factis ", PL XLI, 821-32. ", PL XLI, 821-32. Orosius Orosio went back to Volvió a Africa and at África y en St. Augustine's St Augustine's suggestion wrote the first Christian sugerencia escribió la primera cristiana Universal History Historia : "Historiarum : "Historiarum adversus paganos libri Libri septem de septiem " (PL "(PL XXXI , 663-1174; ed. , 663-1174; Ed. Zangemeister , in "Corpus script. eccl. , En "Corpus script. Eccl. lat. Lat. ", V, Vienna , 1882), thought to be a supplement to the "Civitas ", V, Viena, 1882), cree que ser un complemento de la" Civitas Dei ", especially the third book, in which ", Especialmente el tercer libro, en la que St. Augustine San Agustín proves that the demuestra que la Roman Romano Empire Imperio suffered as many calamities before as after Christianity was received, sufrido muchas calamidades como antes como después del cristianismo se recibió, combating la lucha contra el the pagan argument, that the el pagano argumento, que la abandonment of their deities had led to calamity. abandono de sus deidades ha dado lugar a la calamidad. St. Augustine San Agustín wishedto have this proof developed in a special work through the whole period of tener esta prueba desarrollada en un trabajo especial a través de todo el período de human humanos history historia of all the de todos los known conocido peoples of antiquity, with the fundamental idea that God determines the los pueblos de la antigüedad, con la idea fundamental de que Dios determina la destinies destinos of nations. de las Naciones. According to his view, two chief Según su opinión, dos jefes empires imperios had governed the world: había regido el mundo Babylon in the East, and Rome in the en el Este, y Roma en el West Oeste . Rome received the heritage of . Roma recibió la herencia de Babylon through the intermediate a través de los intermediarios Macedonian Macedonio and y Carthaginian Cartaginés Empires Imperios . Thus he holds that there were four great De este modo, sostiene que existen cuatro grandes empires imperios in en history historia — a view widely accepted in the Middle Ages . -- Una vista ampliamente aceptado en la Edad Media. The first book briefly describes the globe, and traces its El primer libro se describe brevemente el mundo, y sus huellas history historia from the Deluge to the founding of Rome ; the second gives the desde el diluvio a la fundación de Roma y la segunda da la history historia of Rome to the sack of the city by the de Roma para el saqueo de la ciudad por la Gauls Galos , that of Persia to Cyrus, and of , La de Persia de Ciro, y de Greece to the Grecia a la Battle Batalla of de Cunaxa ; the third deals chiefly with the Y el tercero se refiere principalmente a las Macedonian Macedonio Empire Imperio under debajo de Alexander and his y su successors sucesores , as well as the , Así como la contemporary contemporáneo Roman Romano history historia ; the fourth brings the ; El cuarto hace que el history historia of Rome to the destruction of de Roma a la destrucción de Carthage Cartago ; the last three books treat ; Los últimos tres libros tratar Roman Romano history historia alone, from the destruction of Sólo a partir de la destrucción de Carthage Cartago to the author's own a la del propio autor time . tiempo. The work, completed in 418, shows La obra, terminada en 418, muestra signs signos of some haste. de cierta precipitación. Besides Además de Holy Scripture and the chronicle of Eusebius Sagrada Escritura y la crónica de Eusebio revised revisado by St. de Santa Jerome , Jerome, Livy Tito Livio , Eutropius , Caesar César , Suetonius Suetonio , Florus , and Justin are used as sources. Florus, y Justin se utilizan como fuentes. In pursuance of the En cumplimiento de la apologetic aim, all the calamities suffered by the various peoples are described. apologética objetivo, todas las calamidades sufridas por los distintos pueblos se describen. Thought superficial and Pensamiento y superficial fragmentary fragmentaria , the work is valuable; it contains , La labor es valiosa, sino que contiene contemporary contemporáneo information on the period after AD 378. información sobre el período posterior a AD 378. It was used largely during the Middle Ages as a Se utilizó ampliamente durante la Edad Media como un compendium compendio , and nearly 200 manuscript copies are still extant. Alfred the Great translated it into , Y casi 200 copias manuscritas son todavía existentes. Alfred the Great traducido en Anglo-Saxon (ed. (Ed. H . Sweet Dulce , London Londres , 1843). , 1843). |
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